Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to differentiate chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (RCC) and renal oncocytomas
| Method | Number of patients | Success as biomarker | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hale's colloidal iron stain Modified Mowry's colloidal iron stain better characterised chRCC | 28 cases (11 chRCC, 12 RO, 6 ccRCC) | Colloidal iron was diffusely and strongly positive in 9/11 of chRCC, focally and weakly positive in 5/12 of RO, and negative in all granular cell variants of ccRCC (0/6). | 58 |
| 62 cases (14 chRCC, 19 RO, 11 ccRCC, 7 eosinophilic variants of pRCC) | Positive colloidal iron stain was not limited to chRCC, however a diffuse and strong, reticular staining pattern was observed only in chRCC (100%). Staining patterns less consistent in all other renal neoplasms. Most RO (84%) had focal, weak, fine dust-like positivity. 100% ccRCC had focal, coarse, droplet-like positivity. | 59 | |
| 76 cases (30 ccRCC, 16 pRCC, 21 chRCC, 8 RO, 1 cdRCC) | Fine reticular cytoplasmic pattern with perinuclear halo (87.5% chRCC; 16% ccRCC). 12.5% RO had focal, coarse, cytoplasmic staining without perinuclear halo. | 45 | |
| CD10 Outcome of CD10 to distinguish between chRCC and ROs is variable. | 76 cases (30 ccRCC, 16 pRCC, 21 chRCC, 8 RO, 1 cdRCC) | CD10 positive, 79% ccRCC, 6.3% chRCC and 0% RO. CD10 reactivity favours ccRCC, and the absence of CD10 in RO shows CD10 could differentiate between chRCCs and RO in a panel of biomarkers. | 45 |
| 83 cases (22 chRCC, 17 RO, and 45 ccRCC) | CD10 positive, ccRCC (91%), chRCC (45%) and RO (29%). | 47 | |
| 28 cases (11 chRCC, 12 RO, 6 ccRCC) | CD10 positive, 100% ccRCC, 72% chRCC and 58% RO. Not useful as a biomarker. | 58 | |
| RCC marker (RCCma) RCCma is a relatively new IHC marker that has variable results. | 76 cases (30 ccRCC, 16 pRCC, 21 chRCC, 8 RO, 1 cdRCC) | RCCma, positive in 62.5% ccRCC, 12.5% RO, but negative in chRCC. Holds potential as part of a panel to differentiate between chRCC and RO. | 45 |
| Renal cell neoplasm TMA (30 RO, 18 chRCC, 64 ccRCC, 50 pRCCs, 31 RO) | RCCma, positive in most RCC with granular/eosinophilic features. ccRCC (71%), pRCC (76%), negative in RO. | 60 | |
| 328 samples (256 ccRCC, 27 pRCC, 28 chRCC, 5 cdRCC, 5 unclassified RCC, 7 RO) | RCCma was negative in chRCC but was positive in 3/7 RO. | 61 | |
| 29 cases (11 chRCC, 12 RO, 6 ccRCC) | RCCma was observed in more than 80% of ccRCCs but was negative in all chRCCs and RO. | 58 | |
| Vimentin | 76 cases (30 ccRCC, 16 pRCC, 21 chRCC, 8 RO, 1 cdRCC) | Vimentin positive, 95% ccRCC, 6.3% chRCC, 12.5% RO. Negative staining for vimentin, chRCC or RO. | 45 |
| 83 cases (22 chRCC, 17 RO, 45 ccRCC) | Vimentin positive exclusively in ccRCCs. | 47 | |
| Renal cell neoplasm TMAs (30 RO, 18 chRCC, 64 ccRCC, 50 pRCC, 31 RO) | Positive in most RCC with granular/eosinophilic features (ccRCC 78%, pRCC 85%). Negative in RO and chRCC. | 60 |
ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma; cdRCC, collecting duct renal cell carcinoma; chRCC, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma; pRCC, papillary renal cell carcinoma; RO, renal oncocytoma.